1.5. L’alphabet français — reconnaître et prononcer

Objectif:

You will recognize and pronounce all French letters.

A

/a/

Sounds like: “ah” (open, relaxed)

Example: ami (friend)

💡 Very stable sound, almost always “ah”

B

/be/ Sounds like: “bé” Example: bonjour 💡 Clean, no surprises

C

/se/ Sounds like: “cé” Example: ça ⚠️ Changes in words:

  • before a/o/u → “k” (car)
  • before e/i → “s” (ce)

D

/de/

Sounds like: “dé”

Example: deux

💡 Soft, not as heavy as English “d”

E

/ə/

Sounds like: “euh”

Example: le

⚠️ Very important letter, often weak or silent in words

F

/ɛf/ Sounds like: “eff” Example: femme 💡 Similar to English

G

/ʒe/ Sounds like: “jhé” Example: génial ⚠️ Changes in words:

  • before a/o/u → “g” (gare)
  • before e/i → “ʒ” (like J sound)

H

/aʃ/ Sounds like: “ash” Example: hôtel ⚠️ Never pronounced in words → just blocks or allows connections (liaison)

I

/i/ Sounds like: “ee” Example: ici 💡 Always sharp and clear

J

/ʒi/

Sounds like: “zhee”

Example: je

⚠️ Very different from English “J”

K

/ka/

Sounds like: “ka”

Example: kilo

💡 Rare, mostly in borrowed words

L

/ɛl/ Sounds like: “ell” Example: livre 💡 Light and clear

M

/ɛm/

Sounds like: “emm”

Example: maman

💡 Important for nasal sounds in words

N

/ɛn/ Sounds like: “enn” Example: nom 💡 Also creates nasal sounds

O

/o/

Sounds like: “oh” (pure, rounded)

Example: mot

💡 No diphthong like English

P

/pe/ Sounds like: “pé” Example: papa 💡 Less air than English “p”

Q

/ky/ Sounds like: “ku” with rounded lips Example: qui ⚠️ Almost always used with u → “qu”

R

/ɛʁ/

Sounds like: throat sound

Example: rue

⚠️ One of the hardest sounds

💡 Produced in the back of the mouth

S

/ɛs/

Sounds like: “ess”

Example: salut

⚠️ Between vowels → sounds like “z” (rose)

T

/te/ Sounds like: “té” Example: table 💡 Clean, not aspirated

U

/y/

Sounds like: tight “ee” with rounded lips

Example: tu

⚠️ No English equivalent

💡 Say “ee” while rounding lips

V

/ve/ Sounds like: “vé” Example: vous 💡 Same as English V

W

/dubləve/ Sounds like: “double vé” Example: wagon 💡 Rare, mostly foreign words

X

/iks/

Sounds like: “יקס” (iks)

Example: taxi

⚠️ Can sound like “z” or “s” in words

Y

/iɡʁɛk/

Sounds like: “ee-grek”

Example: yoga

💡 Name is longer than most letters

Z

/zɛd/

Sounds like: “zed” (not “zee”)

Example: zéro

💡 Canadian/British style